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Glossary

ACE-(I)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme(-inhibitor)
ACHD
Adult congenital heart disease
ACS
Acute coronary syndrome
ADR
Adverse drug reaction
AF
Atrial fibrillation
AFL
Atrial flutter
AHF
Acute heart failure
AHT
Arterial hypertension
ALARA
As low as reasonably achievable
ALT
Alanine transaminase
AMVP
Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse
APO
Adverse pregnancy outcomes
aPTT
Activated partial thromboplastin time
ARB
Angiotensin receptor blocker
ARNI
Angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor
ARVC
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
AS
Aortic stenosis
ASA
Acetylsalicylic acid
ASCVD
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
ASD
Atrial septal defect
ASI
Aortic size index
AST
Aspartate aminotransferase
AT
Atrial tachycardia
AUC
Area under the curve
AV
Atrioventricular
AV(N)RT
Atrioventricular (nodal) re-entry tachycardia
AVSD
Atrioventricular septal defect
B-blocker
Beta-blocker
b.i.d.
Bis in die (twice a day)
b.p.m.
Beats per minute
BAV
Bicuspid aortic valve
BMI
Body mass index
BNP
Brain natriuretic peptide
BP
Blood pressure
BrS
Brugada syndrome
C
Maximum concentration
CABG
Coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
Coronary artery disease
CARPREG II
Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy study II
CCB
Calcium channel blocker
CCS
Chronic coronary syndromes
CI
Confidence interval
CMP
Cardiomyopathy
CMR
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance
CNS
Central nervous system
CO
Cardiac output
COR
Class of recommendation
CPG
Clinical Practice Guidelines
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CPVT
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
CT
Computed tomography
cTnI
Cardiac troponin I
cTnT
Cardiac troponin T
CTPA
Computed tomography pulmonary angiography
CTRCD
Cancer-therapy-related cardiac dysfunction
CVD
Cardiovascular disease
DAPT
Dual antiplatelet therapy
DBP
Diastolic blood pressure
DCM
Dilated cardiomyopathy
DOAC
Direct oral anticoagulant
DVT
Deep vein thrombosis
ECG
Electrocardiogram
ECMO
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
EF
Ejection fraction
EORP
EURObservational Research Programme
ERA
Endothelin receptor antagonist
ESC
European Society of Cardiology
ESH
European Society of Hypertension
FAT
Focal atrial tachycardia
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
FFP
Fresh frozen plasma
GD
Gestation day
GDM
Gestational diabetes mellitus
GnRH
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
HCM
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HELLP
Haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count
HF
Heart failure
HFrEF
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
HLA
Human leucocyte antigen
HR
Heart rate
HTAD
Heritable thoracic aortic disease
i.v.
Intravenous
ICD
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator
INR
International normalized ratio
IP
Prostaglandin I2
IRR
Incidence rate ratio
IU
International unit
IUD
Intrauterine device
IUGR
Intrauterine growth restriction
IVF
In vitro
KLH
Keyhole limpet haemocyanin
LA
Left artery
LDL
Low-density lipoprotein
LDS
Loeys–Dietz syndrome
LMWH
Low-molecular-weight heparin
LQT1/2/3
Long QT syndrome type 1, 2, or 3
LQT2
Long QT syndrome type 2
LQTS
Long QT syndrome
LV
Left ventricle
LVAD
Left ventricular assist device
LVEDD
Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter
LVEF
Left ventricular ejection fraction
LVH
Left ventricular hypertrophy
LVOT(O)
Left ventricular outflow tract (obstruction)
LVOTO
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
MACE
Major adverse cardiovascular events
MFS
Marfan syndrome
MHV
Mechanical heart valve
MINOCA
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries
MR
Mitral valve regurgitation
MRA
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
MRHD
Maximum recommended human dose
MS
Mitral stenosis
mTOR
Mammalian target of rapamycin
mU
Milliunit
mWHO
modified World Health Organization
NA
Not applicable
NDLVC
Non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy
NP
Natriuretic peptide
NSAID
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nsHTAD
Non-syndromic heritable thoracic aortic disease
NSTE ACS
Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
NT-proBNP
N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide
NYHA
New York Heart Association
o.d.
Omni die (once a day)
oGTT
Oral glucose tolerance test
OR
Odds ratio
p.o.
Per os (by mouth)
P/LP
Pathogenic/likely pathogenic
PAH
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
PAP
Pulmonary arterial pressure
PASP
Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure
PCI
Percutaneous coronary intervention
PE
Pulmonary embolism
PgP
P-glycoprotein
PH
Pulmonary hypertension
PlGF
Placental growth factor
PPCM
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
PPH
Post-partum haemorrhage
PREM
Patient-reported experience measure
PROM
Patient-reported outcome measure
PV
Pulmonary valve
QRS
Q, R, and S waves
QTc
Corrected QT interval
RAAS
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system
RBC
Red blood cell
RHD
Recommended human dose
RID
Relative infant dose
ROPAC
Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease
ROSC
Return of spontaneous circulation
RV
Right ventricle
RVEF
Right ventricular ejection fraction
RVH
Right ventricular hypertrophy
RVOT-VT
Right ventricular outflow tract ventricular tachycardia
RVOT(O)
Right ventricular outflow tract (obstruction)
SBP
Systolic blood pressure
SCAD
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
SGA
Small for gestational age
SGLT2
Sodium–glucose co-transporter-2
SPAP
Systolic pulmonary artery pressure
SpO
Oxygen saturation
SQTS
Short QT syndrome
SSRI
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
STEMI
ST-elevation myocardial infarction
SVT
Supraventricular tachycardia
T
Time to maximum concentration
TAD
Thoracic aortic disease
TAVI
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation
TGA
Transposition of the great arteries
TOF
Tetralogy of Fallot
TPVI
Transcatheter pulmonary valve implementation
TR
Tricuspid regurgitation
TS
Turner syndrome
TTE
Transthoracic echocardiogram
UACR
Urine albumin–creatinine ratio
UFH
Unfractionated heparin
VA-ECMO
Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
VF
Ventricular fibrillation
VHD
Valvular heart disease
VKA
Vitamin K antagonist
VSD
Ventricle septal defect
VT
Ventricular tachycardia
VTE
Venous thromboembolism
WCD
Wearable cardioverter defibrillator
WHO
World Health Organization
WPW
Wolff–Parkinson–White

Pending physician review: this page has not yet been signed off by a named reviewer. · Reviewer: — (placeholder) · Reviewed: — · Content version 0.1.0-draft · 2025 ESC Guidelines (Eur Heart J 2025;46:4462–4568)

Reference
Guideline figure
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